It seems I'm having this issue now, with VS 2015 and NCrunch 3.5.0.1. I have a yield method in the SUT, and it gets called and ToList()'d in the test, and the test asserts that the resulting List<> contains items (and the test passes during debug). Yet the debugger can't see the List<> variable, same error as OP two years ago.
Ah! Apologies, I missed that the OP was talking about async. I'm not doing any async here, just a yield method. But that seemed to be flagged as a cause in the first reply, so this thread caught my eye.
I do have resharper's test runner enabled, not sure if that causes problems under the hood. (That runner handles debugging the value of my variable fine btw.)